▶ 調査レポート

テクスチャペイントのグローバル市場調査 2019年

• 英文タイトル:Global Textured Paint Market Professional Survey Report 2019

QYResearchが調査・発行した産業分析レポートです。テクスチャペイントのグローバル市場調査 2019年 / Global Textured Paint Market Professional Survey Report 2019 / QYR9NV13212資料のイメージです。• レポートコード:QYR9NV13212
• 出版社/出版日:QYResearch / 2019年11月16日
※2024年版があります。お問い合わせください。

• レポート形態:英文、PDF、114ページ
• 納品方法:Eメール(受注後2-3営業日)
• 産業分類:材料・化学
• 販売価格(消費税別)
  Single User¥518,000 (USD3,500)▷ お問い合わせ
  Enterprise License¥1,036,000 (USD7,000)▷ お問い合わせ
• ご注文方法:お問い合わせフォーム記入又はEメールでご連絡ください。
• お支払方法:銀行振込(納品後、ご請求書送付)
レポート概要
※本調査レポートは、テクスチャペイントの世界市場概要、製造コスト分析、開発・製造工場分析、主要メーカー分析、地域別分析情報、市場規模予測データ、マーケティングチャネル、流通業者リスト、顧客リストなどが含まれています。種類別には、インテリアペイント、エクステリアペイントに、用途別には、住宅、非住宅にセグメント区分し、テクスチャペイントの世界市場を分析しました。


・エグゼクティブ・サマリー
・テクスチャペイントの世界市場概要
・テクスチャペイントの製造コスト構成分析
・テクスチャペイントの開発・製造工場分析
・主要メーカーの主な指標(生産能力、売上、価格分析)
・テクスチャペイントの地域別分析(生産、売上、主要メーカー、輸出・輸入)
(北米、ヨーロッパ、中国、日本国内、東南アジア、インド)
・テクスチャペイントのセグメント分析(種類別)
(インテリアペイント、エクステリアペイント)
・テクスチャペイントのセグメント分析(用途別)
(住宅、非住宅)
・テクスチャペイントの主要メーカー別分析(生産拠点、製品概要、生産・売上実績)
(PPG Industries、Akzonobel、Sherwin-Williams Company、Hempel、Asian Paints、Nippon Paints、Kansai Paint、Jotun、Axalta Coating Systems、Valspar、Tikkurila OYJ、Berger Paints、S K Kaken、Kelly-Moore Paints、Dunn-Edwards、Haymes Paints、Anvil Paints & Coatings、)
・テクスチャペイントの市場規模予測(2019年~2025年)
(北米、ヨーロッパ、中国、日本国内、東南アジア、インド)
・マーケティングチャネル・流通業者・顧客
・市場ダイナミクス(市場動向、機会、成長要因、課題、影響因子)
...

The global Textured Paint market was valued at million US$ in 2018 and will reach million US$ by the end of 2025, growing at a CAGR of during 2019-2025.
This report focuses on Textured Paint volume and value at global level, regional level and company level. From a global perspective, this report represents overall Textured Paint market size by analyzing historical data and future prospect.
Regionally, this report categorizes the production, apparent consumption, export and import of Textured Paint in North America, Europe, China, Japan, Southeast Asia and India.
For each manufacturer covered, this report analyzes their Textured Paint manufacturing sites, capacity, production, ex-factory price, revenue and market share in global market.

The following manufacturers are covered:
PPG Industries
Akzonobel
Sherwin-Williams Company
Hempel
Asian Paints
Nippon Paints
Kansai Paint
Jotun
Axalta Coating Systems
Valspar
Tikkurila OYJ
Berger Paints
S K Kaken
Kelly-Moore Paints
Dunn-Edwards
Haymes Paints
Anvil Paints & Coatings

Segment by Regions
North America
Europe
China
Japan
Southeast Asia
India

Segment by Type
Interior Paint
Exterior Paint

Segment by Application
Residential
Non-residential

レポート目次

Table of Contents

Executive Summary
1 Industry Overview of Textured Paint
1.1 Definition of Textured Paint
1.2 Textured Paint Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global Textured Paint Production Growth Rate Comparison by Types (2014-2025)
1.2.2 Interior Paint
1.2.3 Exterior Paint
1.3 Textured Paint Segment by Applications
1.3.1 Global Textured Paint Consumption Comparison by Applications (2014-2025)
1.3.2 Residential
1.3.3 Non-residential
1.4 Global Textured Paint Overall Market
1.4.1 Global Textured Paint Revenue (2014-2025)
1.4.2 Global Textured Paint Production (2014-2025)
1.4.3 North America Textured Paint Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.4 Europe Textured Paint Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.5 China Textured Paint Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.6 Japan Textured Paint Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.7 Southeast Asia Textured Paint Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.8 India Textured Paint Status and Prospect (2014-2025)

2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
2.1 Raw Material and Suppliers
2.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Textured Paint
2.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Textured Paint
2.4 Industry Chain Structure of Textured Paint

3 Development and Manufacturing Plants Analysis of Textured Paint
3.1 Capacity and Commercial Production Date
3.2 Global Textured Paint Manufacturing Plants Distribution
3.3 Major Manufacturers Technology Source and Market Position of Textured Paint
3.4 Recent Development and Expansion Plans

4 Key Figures of Major Manufacturers
4.1 Textured Paint Production and Capacity Analysis
4.2 Textured Paint Revenue Analysis
4.3 Textured Paint Price Analysis
4.4 Market Concentration Degree

5 Textured Paint Regional Market Analysis
5.1 Textured Paint Production by Regions
5.1.1 Global Textured Paint Production by Regions
5.1.2 Global Textured Paint Revenue by Regions
5.2 Textured Paint Consumption by Regions
5.3 North America Textured Paint Market Analysis
5.3.1 North America Textured Paint Production
5.3.2 North America Textured Paint Revenue
5.3.3 Key Manufacturers in North America
5.3.4 North America Textured Paint Import and Export
5.4 Europe Textured Paint Market Analysis
5.4.1 Europe Textured Paint Production
5.4.2 Europe Textured Paint Revenue
5.4.3 Key Manufacturers in Europe
5.4.4 Europe Textured Paint Import and Export
5.5 China Textured Paint Market Analysis
5.5.1 China Textured Paint Production
5.5.2 China Textured Paint Revenue
5.5.3 Key Manufacturers in China
5.5.4 China Textured Paint Import and Export
5.6 Japan Textured Paint Market Analysis
5.6.1 Japan Textured Paint Production
5.6.2 Japan Textured Paint Revenue
5.6.3 Key Manufacturers in Japan
5.6.4 Japan Textured Paint Import and Export
5.7 Southeast Asia Textured Paint Market Analysis
5.7.1 Southeast Asia Textured Paint Production
5.7.2 Southeast Asia Textured Paint Revenue
5.7.3 Key Manufacturers in Southeast Asia
5.7.4 Southeast Asia Textured Paint Import and Export
5.8 India Textured Paint Market Analysis
5.8.1 India Textured Paint Production
5.8.2 India Textured Paint Revenue
5.8.3 Key Manufacturers in India
5.8.4 India Textured Paint Import and Export

6 Textured Paint Segment Market Analysis (by Type)
6.1 Global Textured Paint Production by Type
6.2 Global Textured Paint Revenue by Type
6.3 Textured Paint Price by Type

7 Textured Paint Segment Market Analysis (by Application)
7.1 Global Textured Paint Consumption by Application
7.2 Global Textured Paint Consumption Market Share by Application (2014-2019)

8 Textured Paint Major Manufacturers Analysis
8.1 PPG Industries
8.1.1 PPG Industries Textured Paint Production Sites and Area Served
8.1.2 PPG Industries Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.1.3 PPG Industries Textured Paint Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.1.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.2 Akzonobel
8.2.1 Akzonobel Textured Paint Production Sites and Area Served
8.2.2 Akzonobel Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.2.3 Akzonobel Textured Paint Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.2.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.3 Sherwin-Williams Company
8.3.1 Sherwin-Williams Company Textured Paint Production Sites and Area Served
8.3.2 Sherwin-Williams Company Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.3.3 Sherwin-Williams Company Textured Paint Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.3.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.4 Hempel
8.4.1 Hempel Textured Paint Production Sites and Area Served
8.4.2 Hempel Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.4.3 Hempel Textured Paint Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.4.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.5 Asian Paints
8.5.1 Asian Paints Textured Paint Production Sites and Area Served
8.5.2 Asian Paints Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.5.3 Asian Paints Textured Paint Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.5.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.6 Nippon Paints
8.6.1 Nippon Paints Textured Paint Production Sites and Area Served
8.6.2 Nippon Paints Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.6.3 Nippon Paints Textured Paint Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.6.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.7 Kansai Paint
8.7.1 Kansai Paint Textured Paint Production Sites and Area Served
8.7.2 Kansai Paint Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.7.3 Kansai Paint Textured Paint Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.7.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.8 Jotun
8.8.1 Jotun Textured Paint Production Sites and Area Served
8.8.2 Jotun Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.8.3 Jotun Textured Paint Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.8.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.9 Axalta Coating Systems
8.9.1 Axalta Coating Systems Textured Paint Production Sites and Area Served
8.9.2 Axalta Coating Systems Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.9.3 Axalta Coating Systems Textured Paint Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.9.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.10 Valspar
8.10.1 Valspar Textured Paint Production Sites and Area Served
8.10.2 Valspar Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.10.3 Valspar Textured Paint Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.10.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.11 Tikkurila OYJ
8.12 Berger Paints
8.13 S K Kaken
8.14 Kelly-Moore Paints
8.15 Dunn-Edwards
8.16 Haymes Paints
8.17 Anvil Paints & Coatings

9 Development Trend of Analysis of Textured Paint Market
9.1 Global Textured Paint Market Trend Analysis
9.1.1 Global Textured Paint Market Size (Volume and Value) Forecast 2019-2025
9.2 Textured Paint Regional Market Trend
9.2.1 North America Textured Paint Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.2 Europe Textured Paint Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.3 China Textured Paint Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.4 Japan Textured Paint Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.5 Southeast Asia Textured Paint Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.6 India Textured Paint Forecast 2019-2025
9.3 Textured Paint Market Trend (Product Type)
9.4 Textured Paint Market Trend (Application)

10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.3 Textured Paint Customers

11 Market Dynamics
11.1 Market Trends
11.2 Opportunities
11.3 Market Drivers
11.4 Challenges
11.5 Influence Factors

12 Conclusion
13 Appendix
13.1 Methodology/Research Approach
13.1.1 Research Programs/Design
13.1.2 Market Size Estimation
13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.2 Data Source
13.2.1 Secondary Sources
13.2.2 Primary Sources
13.3 Author List
13.4 Disclaimer

List of Tables and Figures
Figure Picture of Textured Paint
Table Global Textured Paint Production (K MT) Growth Rate Comparison by Types (2014-2025)
Figure Global Textured Paint Production Market Share by Types in 2018
Figure Interior Paint Product Picture
Figure Exterior Paint Product Picture
Table Global Textured Paint Consumption (K MT) Comparison by Applications (2014-2025)
Figure Global Textured Paint Consumption Market Share by Applications in 2018
Figure Residential
Figure Non-residential
Figure Global Textured Paint Revenue (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Global Textured Paint Production (K MT) (2014-2025)
Figure North America Textured Paint Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Europe Textured Paint Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure China Textured Paint Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Japan Textured Paint Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Southeast Asia Textured Paint Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure India Textured Paint Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Table Textured Paint Raw Material and Suppliers
Table Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Textured Paint in 2018
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Textured Paint
Figure Industry Chain Structure of Textured Paint
Table Capacity and Commercial Production Date of Key Manufacturers
Table Global Textured Paint Manufacturing Plants Distribution
Table Textured Paint Major Manufacturers Technology Source and Market Position
Table Recent Development and Expansion Plans in Future
Table Textured Paint Capacity (K MT) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Textured Paint Production (K MT) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Textured Paint Production Market Share of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Textured Paint Production Share by Manufacturers in 2018
Table Textured Paint Revenue (Million US$) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Textured Paint Revenue Market Share of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Textured Paint Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2018
Table Textured Paint Average Price (USD/MT) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Global Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table Global Textured Paint Production by Regions 2014-2019 (K MT)
Table Global Textured Paint Production Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Textured Paint Production Market Share by Regions in 2018
Table Global Textured Paint Revenue by Regions 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Global Textured Paint Revenue Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Textured Paint Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2018
Table Global Textured Paint Consumption by Regions 2014-2019 (K MT)
Table Global Textured Paint Consumption Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure North America Textured Paint Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K MT)
Figure North America Textured Paint Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table North America Textured Paint Production, Consumption Import and Export (K MT)
Figure Europe Textured Paint Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K MT)
Figure Europe Textured Paint Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Europe Textured Paint Production, Consumption Import and Export (K MT)
Figure China Textured Paint Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K MT)
Figure China Textured Paint Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table China Textured Paint Production, Consumption Import and Export (K MT)
Figure Japan Textured Paint Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K MT)
Figure Japan Textured Paint Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Japan Textured Paint Production, Consumption Import and Export (K MT)
Figure Southeast Asia Textured Paint Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K MT)
Figure Southeast Asia Textured Paint Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Southeast Asia Textured Paint Production, Consumption Import and Export (K MT)
Figure India Textured Paint Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K MT)
Figure India Textured Paint Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table India Textured Paint Production, Consumption Import and Export (K MT)
Figure Global Consumption Textured Paint Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Global Value (Consumption) Textured Paint Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Table PPG Industries Textured Paint Production Sites and Area Served
Table PPG Industries Textured Paint Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table PPG Industries Textured Paint Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table PPG Industries Textured Paint Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table PPG Industries Textured Paint Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure PPG Industries Textured Paint Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table PPG Industries Textured Paint Main Business and Markets Served
Table Akzonobel Textured Paint Production Sites and Area Served
Table Akzonobel Textured Paint Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Akzonobel Textured Paint Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Akzonobel Textured Paint Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Akzonobel Textured Paint Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Akzonobel Textured Paint Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Akzonobel Textured Paint Main Business and Markets Served
Table Sherwin-Williams Company Textured Paint Production Sites and Area Served
Table Sherwin-Williams Company Textured Paint Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Sherwin-Williams Company Textured Paint Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Sherwin-Williams Company Textured Paint Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Sherwin-Williams Company Textured Paint Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Sherwin-Williams Company Textured Paint Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Sherwin-Williams Company Textured Paint Main Business and Markets Served
Table Hempel Textured Paint Production Sites and Area Served
Table Hempel Textured Paint Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Hempel Textured Paint Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Hempel Textured Paint Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Hempel Textured Paint Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Hempel Textured Paint Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Hempel Textured Paint Main Business and Markets Served
Table Asian Paints Textured Paint Production Sites and Area Served
Table Asian Paints Textured Paint Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Asian Paints Textured Paint Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Asian Paints Textured Paint Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Asian Paints Textured Paint Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Asian Paints Textured Paint Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Asian Paints Textured Paint Main Business and Markets Served
Table Nippon Paints Textured Paint Production Sites and Area Served
Table Nippon Paints Textured Paint Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Nippon Paints Textured Paint Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Nippon Paints Textured Paint Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Nippon Paints Textured Paint Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Nippon Paints Textured Paint Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Nippon Paints Textured Paint Main Business and Markets Served
Table Kansai Paint Textured Paint Production Sites and Area Served
Table Kansai Paint Textured Paint Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Kansai Paint Textured Paint Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Kansai Paint Textured Paint Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Kansai Paint Textured Paint Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Kansai Paint Textured Paint Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Kansai Paint Textured Paint Main Business and Markets Served
Table Jotun Textured Paint Production Sites and Area Served
Table Jotun Textured Paint Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Jotun Textured Paint Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Jotun Textured Paint Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Jotun Textured Paint Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Jotun Textured Paint Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Jotun Textured Paint Main Business and Markets Served
Table Axalta Coating Systems Textured Paint Production Sites and Area Served
Table Axalta Coating Systems Textured Paint Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Axalta Coating Systems Textured Paint Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Axalta Coating Systems Textured Paint Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Axalta Coating Systems Textured Paint Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Axalta Coating Systems Textured Paint Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Axalta Coating Systems Textured Paint Main Business and Markets Served
Table Valspar Textured Paint Production Sites and Area Served
Table Valspar Textured Paint Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Valspar Textured Paint Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Valspar Textured Paint Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Valspar Textured Paint Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Valspar Textured Paint Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Valspar Textured Paint Main Business and Markets Served
Table Tikkurila OYJ Textured Paint Production Sites and Area Served
Table Berger Paints Textured Paint Production Sites and Area Served
Table S K Kaken Textured Paint Production Sites and Area Served
Table Kelly-Moore Paints Textured Paint Production Sites and Area Served
Table Dunn-Edwards Textured Paint Production Sites and Area Served
Table Haymes Paints Textured Paint Production Sites and Area Served
Table Anvil Paints & Coatings Textured Paint Production Sites and Area Served
Figure Global Textured Paint Production (K MT) Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025
Figure Global Textured Paint Revenue (Million USD) Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025
Figure Global Textured Paint Sales Price (USD/MT) Forecast 2019-2025
Figure North America Textured Paint Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure North America Textured Paint Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Europe Textured Paint Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Europe Textured Paint Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure China Textured Paint Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure China Textured Paint Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Japan Textured Paint Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Japan Textured Paint Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Southeast Asia Textured Paint Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Southeast Asia Textured Paint Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure India Textured Paint Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure India Textured Paint Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Table Global Production (K MT) of Textured Paint by Type (2019-2025)
Table Global Consumption (K MT) of Textured Paint by Application (2019-2025)
Table Textured Paint Distributors List
Table Textured Paint Customers List
Table Market Key Trends
Table Key Opportunities
Table Market Key Drivers
Table Key Challenges
Table Key Influence Factors
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources