▶ 調査レポート

超硬合金のグローバル市場調査 2019年

• 英文タイトル:Global Hard Metal Market Professional Survey Report 2019

QYResearchが調査・発行した産業分析レポートです。超硬合金のグローバル市場調査 2019年 / Global Hard Metal Market Professional Survey Report 2019 / QYR9NV05815資料のイメージです。• レポートコード:QYR9NV05815
• 出版社/出版日:QYResearch / 2019年11月12日
※2024年版があります。お問い合わせください。

• レポート形態:英文、PDF、110ページ
• 納品方法:Eメール(受注後2-3営業日)
• 産業分類:材料・化学
• 販売価格(消費税別)
  Single User¥525,000 (USD3,500)▷ お問い合わせ
  Enterprise License¥1,050,000 (USD7,000)▷ お問い合わせ
• ご注文方法:お問い合わせフォーム記入又はEメールでご連絡ください。
• お支払方法:銀行振込(納品後、ご請求書送付)
レポート概要
※本調査レポートは、超硬合金の世界市場概要、製造コスト分析、開発・製造工場分析、主要メーカー分析、地域別分析情報、市場規模予測データ、マーケティングチャネル、流通業者リスト、顧客リストなどが含まれています。種類別には、WCベース、TiCベース、TaCベース、スチールボンドカーバイドに、用途別には、切削、地質、金型、構造部品、摩耗部品にセグメント区分し、超硬合金の世界市場を分析しました。


・エグゼクティブ・サマリー
・超硬合金の世界市場概要
・超硬合金の製造コスト構成分析
・超硬合金の開発・製造工場分析
・主要メーカーの主な指標(生産能力、売上、価格分析)
・超硬合金の地域別分析(生産、売上、主要メーカー、輸出・輸入)
(北米、ヨーロッパ、中国、日本国内、東南アジア、インド)
・超硬合金のセグメント分析(種類別)
(WCベース、TiCベース、TaCベース、スチールボンドカーバイド)
・超硬合金のセグメント分析(用途別)
(切削、地質、金型、構造部品、摩耗部品)
・超硬合金の主要メーカー別分析(生産拠点、製品概要、生産・売上実績)
(Sandvik、Xinrui、Shareate、SINTER SUD、Kennametal、Mitsubishi Materials、Iscar、Xiamen Tungsten、Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Group、Zhangyuan Tungsten、Toshiba、JTCC、)
・超硬合金の市場規模予測(2019年~2025年)
(北米、ヨーロッパ、中国、日本国内、東南アジア、インド)
・マーケティングチャネル・流通業者・顧客
・市場ダイナミクス(市場動向、機会、成長要因、課題、影響因子)
...

The global Hard Metal market was valued at million US$ in 2018 and will reach million US$ by the end of 2025, growing at a CAGR of during 2019-2025.
This report focuses on Hard Metal volume and value at global level, regional level and company level. From a global perspective, this report represents overall Hard Metal market size by analyzing historical data and future prospect.
Regionally, this report categorizes the production, apparent consumption, export and import of Hard Metal in North America, Europe, China, Japan, Southeast Asia and India.
For each manufacturer covered, this report analyzes their Hard Metal manufacturing sites, capacity, production, ex-factory price, revenue and market share in global market.

The following manufacturers are covered:
Sandvik
Xinrui
Shareate
SINTER SUD
Kennametal
Mitsubishi Materials
Iscar
Xiamen Tungsten
Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Group
Zhangyuan Tungsten
Toshiba
JTCC

Segment by Regions
North America
Europe
China
Japan
Southeast Asia
India

Segment by Type
WC Base
TiC Base
TaC Base
Steel bonded carbide

Segment by Application
Cutting
Geological
Mould
Structural Parts
Wear Part

レポート目次

Table of Contents

Executive Summary
1 Industry Overview of Hard Metal
1.1 Definition of Hard Metal
1.2 Hard Metal Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global Hard Metal Production Growth Rate Comparison by Types (2014-2025)
1.2.2 WC Base
1.2.3 TiC Base
1.2.4 TaC Base
1.2.5 Steel bonded carbide
1.3 Hard Metal Segment by Applications
1.3.1 Global Hard Metal Consumption Comparison by Applications (2014-2025)
1.3.2 Cutting
1.3.3 Geological
1.3.4 Mould
1.3.5 Structural Parts
1.3.6 Wear Part
1.4 Global Hard Metal Overall Market
1.4.1 Global Hard Metal Revenue (2014-2025)
1.4.2 Global Hard Metal Production (2014-2025)
1.4.3 North America Hard Metal Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.4 Europe Hard Metal Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.5 China Hard Metal Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.6 Japan Hard Metal Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.7 Southeast Asia Hard Metal Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.8 India Hard Metal Status and Prospect (2014-2025)

2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
2.1 Raw Material and Suppliers
2.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Hard Metal
2.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Hard Metal
2.4 Industry Chain Structure of Hard Metal

3 Development and Manufacturing Plants Analysis of Hard Metal
3.1 Capacity and Commercial Production Date
3.2 Global Hard Metal Manufacturing Plants Distribution
3.3 Major Manufacturers Technology Source and Market Position of Hard Metal
3.4 Recent Development and Expansion Plans

4 Key Figures of Major Manufacturers
4.1 Hard Metal Production and Capacity Analysis
4.2 Hard Metal Revenue Analysis
4.3 Hard Metal Price Analysis
4.4 Market Concentration Degree

5 Hard Metal Regional Market Analysis
5.1 Hard Metal Production by Regions
5.1.1 Global Hard Metal Production by Regions
5.1.2 Global Hard Metal Revenue by Regions
5.2 Hard Metal Consumption by Regions
5.3 North America Hard Metal Market Analysis
5.3.1 North America Hard Metal Production
5.3.2 North America Hard Metal Revenue
5.3.3 Key Manufacturers in North America
5.3.4 North America Hard Metal Import and Export
5.4 Europe Hard Metal Market Analysis
5.4.1 Europe Hard Metal Production
5.4.2 Europe Hard Metal Revenue
5.4.3 Key Manufacturers in Europe
5.4.4 Europe Hard Metal Import and Export
5.5 China Hard Metal Market Analysis
5.5.1 China Hard Metal Production
5.5.2 China Hard Metal Revenue
5.5.3 Key Manufacturers in China
5.5.4 China Hard Metal Import and Export
5.6 Japan Hard Metal Market Analysis
5.6.1 Japan Hard Metal Production
5.6.2 Japan Hard Metal Revenue
5.6.3 Key Manufacturers in Japan
5.6.4 Japan Hard Metal Import and Export
5.7 Southeast Asia Hard Metal Market Analysis
5.7.1 Southeast Asia Hard Metal Production
5.7.2 Southeast Asia Hard Metal Revenue
5.7.3 Key Manufacturers in Southeast Asia
5.7.4 Southeast Asia Hard Metal Import and Export
5.8 India Hard Metal Market Analysis
5.8.1 India Hard Metal Production
5.8.2 India Hard Metal Revenue
5.8.3 Key Manufacturers in India
5.8.4 India Hard Metal Import and Export

6 Hard Metal Segment Market Analysis (by Type)
6.1 Global Hard Metal Production by Type
6.2 Global Hard Metal Revenue by Type
6.3 Hard Metal Price by Type

7 Hard Metal Segment Market Analysis (by Application)
7.1 Global Hard Metal Consumption by Application
7.2 Global Hard Metal Consumption Market Share by Application (2014-2019)

8 Hard Metal Major Manufacturers Analysis
8.1 Sandvik
8.1.1 Sandvik Hard Metal Production Sites and Area Served
8.1.2 Sandvik Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.1.3 Sandvik Hard Metal Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.1.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.2 Xinrui
8.2.1 Xinrui Hard Metal Production Sites and Area Served
8.2.2 Xinrui Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.2.3 Xinrui Hard Metal Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.2.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.3 Shareate
8.3.1 Shareate Hard Metal Production Sites and Area Served
8.3.2 Shareate Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.3.3 Shareate Hard Metal Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.3.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.4 SINTER SUD
8.4.1 SINTER SUD Hard Metal Production Sites and Area Served
8.4.2 SINTER SUD Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.4.3 SINTER SUD Hard Metal Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.4.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.5 Kennametal
8.5.1 Kennametal Hard Metal Production Sites and Area Served
8.5.2 Kennametal Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.5.3 Kennametal Hard Metal Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.5.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.6 Mitsubishi Materials
8.6.1 Mitsubishi Materials Hard Metal Production Sites and Area Served
8.6.2 Mitsubishi Materials Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.6.3 Mitsubishi Materials Hard Metal Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.6.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.7 Iscar
8.7.1 Iscar Hard Metal Production Sites and Area Served
8.7.2 Iscar Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.7.3 Iscar Hard Metal Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.7.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.8 Xiamen Tungsten
8.8.1 Xiamen Tungsten Hard Metal Production Sites and Area Served
8.8.2 Xiamen Tungsten Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.8.3 Xiamen Tungsten Hard Metal Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.8.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.9 Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Group
8.9.1 Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Group Hard Metal Production Sites and Area Served
8.9.2 Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Group Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.9.3 Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Group Hard Metal Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.9.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.10 Zhangyuan Tungsten
8.10.1 Zhangyuan Tungsten Hard Metal Production Sites and Area Served
8.10.2 Zhangyuan Tungsten Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.10.3 Zhangyuan Tungsten Hard Metal Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.10.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.11 Toshiba
8.12 JTCC

9 Development Trend of Analysis of Hard Metal Market
9.1 Global Hard Metal Market Trend Analysis
9.1.1 Global Hard Metal Market Size (Volume and Value) Forecast 2019-2025
9.2 Hard Metal Regional Market Trend
9.2.1 North America Hard Metal Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.2 Europe Hard Metal Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.3 China Hard Metal Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.4 Japan Hard Metal Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.5 Southeast Asia Hard Metal Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.6 India Hard Metal Forecast 2019-2025
9.3 Hard Metal Market Trend (Product Type)
9.4 Hard Metal Market Trend (Application)

10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.3 Hard Metal Customers

11 Market Dynamics
11.1 Market Trends
11.2 Opportunities
11.3 Market Drivers
11.4 Challenges
11.5 Influence Factors

12 Conclusion
13 Appendix
13.1 Methodology/Research Approach
13.1.1 Research Programs/Design
13.1.2 Market Size Estimation
13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.2 Data Source
13.2.1 Secondary Sources
13.2.2 Primary Sources
13.3 Author List
13.4 Disclaimer

List of Tables and Figures
Figure Picture of Hard Metal
Table Global Hard Metal Production (K Units) Growth Rate Comparison by Types (2014-2025)
Figure Global Hard Metal Production Market Share by Types in 2018
Figure WC Base Product Picture
Figure TiC Base Product Picture
Figure TaC Base Product Picture
Figure Steel bonded carbide Product Picture
Table Global Hard Metal Consumption (K Units) Comparison by Applications (2014-2025)
Figure Global Hard Metal Consumption Market Share by Applications in 2018
Figure Cutting
Figure Geological
Figure Mould
Figure Structural Parts
Figure Wear Part
Figure Global Hard Metal Revenue (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Global Hard Metal Production (K Units) (2014-2025)
Figure North America Hard Metal Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Europe Hard Metal Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure China Hard Metal Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Japan Hard Metal Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Southeast Asia Hard Metal Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure India Hard Metal Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Table Hard Metal Raw Material and Suppliers
Table Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Hard Metal in 2018
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Hard Metal
Figure Industry Chain Structure of Hard Metal
Table Capacity and Commercial Production Date of Key Manufacturers
Table Global Hard Metal Manufacturing Plants Distribution
Table Hard Metal Major Manufacturers Technology Source and Market Position
Table Recent Development and Expansion Plans in Future
Table Hard Metal Capacity (K Units) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Hard Metal Production (K Units) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Hard Metal Production Market Share of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Hard Metal Production Share by Manufacturers in 2018
Table Hard Metal Revenue (Million US$) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Hard Metal Revenue Market Share of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Hard Metal Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2018
Table Hard Metal Average Price (USD/Unit) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Global Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table Global Hard Metal Production by Regions 2014-2019 (K Units)
Table Global Hard Metal Production Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Hard Metal Production Market Share by Regions in 2018
Table Global Hard Metal Revenue by Regions 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Global Hard Metal Revenue Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Hard Metal Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2018
Table Global Hard Metal Consumption by Regions 2014-2019 (K Units)
Table Global Hard Metal Consumption Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure North America Hard Metal Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure North America Hard Metal Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table North America Hard Metal Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure Europe Hard Metal Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Europe Hard Metal Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Europe Hard Metal Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure China Hard Metal Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure China Hard Metal Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table China Hard Metal Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure Japan Hard Metal Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Japan Hard Metal Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Japan Hard Metal Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Hard Metal Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Hard Metal Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Southeast Asia Hard Metal Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure India Hard Metal Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure India Hard Metal Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table India Hard Metal Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure Global Consumption Hard Metal Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Global Value (Consumption) Hard Metal Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Table Sandvik Hard Metal Production Sites and Area Served
Table Sandvik Hard Metal Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Sandvik Hard Metal Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Sandvik Hard Metal Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Sandvik Hard Metal Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Sandvik Hard Metal Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Sandvik Hard Metal Main Business and Markets Served
Table Xinrui Hard Metal Production Sites and Area Served
Table Xinrui Hard Metal Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Xinrui Hard Metal Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Xinrui Hard Metal Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Xinrui Hard Metal Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Xinrui Hard Metal Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Xinrui Hard Metal Main Business and Markets Served
Table Shareate Hard Metal Production Sites and Area Served
Table Shareate Hard Metal Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Shareate Hard Metal Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Shareate Hard Metal Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Shareate Hard Metal Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Shareate Hard Metal Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Shareate Hard Metal Main Business and Markets Served
Table SINTER SUD Hard Metal Production Sites and Area Served
Table SINTER SUD Hard Metal Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table SINTER SUD Hard Metal Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table SINTER SUD Hard Metal Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table SINTER SUD Hard Metal Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure SINTER SUD Hard Metal Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table SINTER SUD Hard Metal Main Business and Markets Served
Table Kennametal Hard Metal Production Sites and Area Served
Table Kennametal Hard Metal Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Kennametal Hard Metal Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Kennametal Hard Metal Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Kennametal Hard Metal Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Kennametal Hard Metal Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Kennametal Hard Metal Main Business and Markets Served
Table Mitsubishi Materials Hard Metal Production Sites and Area Served
Table Mitsubishi Materials Hard Metal Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Mitsubishi Materials Hard Metal Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Mitsubishi Materials Hard Metal Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Mitsubishi Materials Hard Metal Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Mitsubishi Materials Hard Metal Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Mitsubishi Materials Hard Metal Main Business and Markets Served
Table Iscar Hard Metal Production Sites and Area Served
Table Iscar Hard Metal Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Iscar Hard Metal Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Iscar Hard Metal Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Iscar Hard Metal Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Iscar Hard Metal Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Iscar Hard Metal Main Business and Markets Served
Table Xiamen Tungsten Hard Metal Production Sites and Area Served
Table Xiamen Tungsten Hard Metal Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Xiamen Tungsten Hard Metal Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Xiamen Tungsten Hard Metal Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Xiamen Tungsten Hard Metal Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Xiamen Tungsten Hard Metal Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Xiamen Tungsten Hard Metal Main Business and Markets Served
Table Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Group Hard Metal Production Sites and Area Served
Table Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Group Hard Metal Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Group Hard Metal Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Group Hard Metal Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Group Hard Metal Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Group Hard Metal Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Group Hard Metal Main Business and Markets Served
Table Zhangyuan Tungsten Hard Metal Production Sites and Area Served
Table Zhangyuan Tungsten Hard Metal Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Zhangyuan Tungsten Hard Metal Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Zhangyuan Tungsten Hard Metal Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Zhangyuan Tungsten Hard Metal Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Zhangyuan Tungsten Hard Metal Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Zhangyuan Tungsten Hard Metal Main Business and Markets Served
Table Toshiba Hard Metal Production Sites and Area Served
Table JTCC Hard Metal Production Sites and Area Served
Figure Global Hard Metal Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025
Figure Global Hard Metal Revenue (Million USD) Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025
Figure Global Hard Metal Sales Price (USD/Unit) Forecast 2019-2025
Figure North America Hard Metal Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure North America Hard Metal Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Europe Hard Metal Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Europe Hard Metal Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure China Hard Metal Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure China Hard Metal Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Japan Hard Metal Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Japan Hard Metal Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Southeast Asia Hard Metal Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Hard Metal Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure India Hard Metal Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure India Hard Metal Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Table Global Production (K Units) of Hard Metal by Type (2019-2025)
Table Global Consumption (K Units) of Hard Metal by Application (2019-2025)
Table Hard Metal Distributors List
Table Hard Metal Customers List
Table Market Key Trends
Table Key Opportunities
Table Market Key Drivers
Table Key Challenges
Table Key Influence Factors
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources