▶ 調査レポート

ダイヤル表示式外パスのグローバル市場調査 2019年

• 英文タイトル:Global Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Market Professional Survey Report 2019

QYResearchが調査・発行した産業分析レポートです。ダイヤル表示式外パスのグローバル市場調査 2019年 / Global Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Market Professional Survey Report 2019 / QYR9NV03495資料のイメージです。• レポートコード:QYR9NV03495
• 出版社/出版日:QYResearch / 2019年11月12日
※2024年版があります。お問い合わせください。

• レポート形態:英文、PDF、104ページ
• 納品方法:Eメール(受注後2-3営業日)
• 産業分類:機械・装置
• 販売価格(消費税別)
  Single User¥525,000 (USD3,500)▷ お問い合わせ
  Enterprise License¥1,050,000 (USD7,000)▷ お問い合わせ
• ご注文方法:お問い合わせフォーム記入又はEメールでご連絡ください。
• お支払方法:銀行振込(納品後、ご請求書送付)
レポート概要
※本調査レポートは、ダイヤル表示式外パスの世界市場概要、製造コスト分析、開発・製造工場分析、主要メーカー分析、地域別分析情報、市場規模予測データ、マーケティングチャネル、流通業者リスト、顧客リストなどが含まれています。種類別には、0-20mm、20-40mm、40-60mm、60-80mmに、用途別には、機械、自動車、航空宇宙、製造、その他にセグメント区分し、ダイヤル表示式外パスの世界市場を分析しました。


・エグゼクティブ・サマリー
・ダイヤル表示式外パスの世界市場概要
・ダイヤル表示式外パスの製造コスト構成分析
・ダイヤル表示式外パスの開発・製造工場分析
・主要メーカーの主な指標(生産能力、売上、価格分析)
・ダイヤル表示式外パスの地域別分析(生産、売上、主要メーカー、輸出・輸入)
(北米、ヨーロッパ、中国、日本国内、東南アジア、インド)
・ダイヤル表示式外パスのセグメント分析(種類別)
(0-20mm、20-40mm、40-60mm、60-80mm)
・ダイヤル表示式外パスのセグメント分析(用途別)
(機械、自動車、航空宇宙、製造、その他)
・ダイヤル表示式外パスの主要メーカー別分析(生産拠点、製品概要、生産・売上実績)
(KROEPLIN、Bowers Group、MAHR、Moore & Wright、Bocchi、Wenzhou Weidu Electronics、)
・ダイヤル表示式外パスの市場規模予測(2019年~2025年)
(北米、ヨーロッパ、中国、日本国内、東南アジア、インド)
・マーケティングチャネル・流通業者・顧客
・市場ダイナミクス(市場動向、機会、成長要因、課題、影響因子)
...

The global Dial Indicating Outside Calipers market was valued at million US$ in 2018 and will reach million US$ by the end of 2025, growing at a CAGR of during 2019-2025.
This report focuses on Dial Indicating Outside Calipers volume and value at global level, regional level and company level. From a global perspective, this report represents overall Dial Indicating Outside Calipers market size by analyzing historical data and future prospect.
Regionally, this report categorizes the production, apparent consumption, export and import of Dial Indicating Outside Calipers in North America, Europe, China, Japan, Southeast Asia and India.
For each manufacturer covered, this report analyzes their Dial Indicating Outside Calipers manufacturing sites, capacity, production, ex-factory price, revenue and market share in global market.

The following manufacturers are covered:
KROEPLIN
Bowers Group
MAHR
Moore & Wright
Bocchi
Wenzhou Weidu Electronics

Segment by Regions
North America
Europe
China
Japan
Southeast Asia
India

Segment by Type
0-20mm
20-40mm
40-60mm
60-80mm

Segment by Application
Machenical
Automotive
Aerospace
Manufacturing
Others

レポート目次

Table of Contents

Executive Summary
1 Industry Overview of Dial Indicating Outside Calipers
1.1 Definition of Dial Indicating Outside Calipers
1.2 Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Growth Rate Comparison by Types (2014-2025)
1.2.2 0-20mm
1.2.3 20-40mm
1.2.4 40-60mm
1.2.5 60-80mm
1.3 Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Segment by Applications
1.3.1 Global Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Consumption Comparison by Applications (2014-2025)
1.3.2 Machenical
1.3.3 Automotive
1.3.4 Aerospace
1.3.5 Manufacturing
1.3.6 Others
1.4 Global Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Overall Market
1.4.1 Global Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Revenue (2014-2025)
1.4.2 Global Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production (2014-2025)
1.4.3 North America Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.4 Europe Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.5 China Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.6 Japan Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.7 Southeast Asia Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.8 India Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Status and Prospect (2014-2025)

2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
2.1 Raw Material and Suppliers
2.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Dial Indicating Outside Calipers
2.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Dial Indicating Outside Calipers
2.4 Industry Chain Structure of Dial Indicating Outside Calipers

3 Development and Manufacturing Plants Analysis of Dial Indicating Outside Calipers
3.1 Capacity and Commercial Production Date
3.2 Global Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Manufacturing Plants Distribution
3.3 Major Manufacturers Technology Source and Market Position of Dial Indicating Outside Calipers
3.4 Recent Development and Expansion Plans

4 Key Figures of Major Manufacturers
4.1 Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production and Capacity Analysis
4.2 Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Revenue Analysis
4.3 Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Price Analysis
4.4 Market Concentration Degree

5 Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Regional Market Analysis
5.1 Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production by Regions
5.1.1 Global Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production by Regions
5.1.2 Global Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Revenue by Regions
5.2 Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Consumption by Regions
5.3 North America Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Market Analysis
5.3.1 North America Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production
5.3.2 North America Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Revenue
5.3.3 Key Manufacturers in North America
5.3.4 North America Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Import and Export
5.4 Europe Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Market Analysis
5.4.1 Europe Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production
5.4.2 Europe Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Revenue
5.4.3 Key Manufacturers in Europe
5.4.4 Europe Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Import and Export
5.5 China Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Market Analysis
5.5.1 China Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production
5.5.2 China Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Revenue
5.5.3 Key Manufacturers in China
5.5.4 China Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Import and Export
5.6 Japan Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Market Analysis
5.6.1 Japan Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production
5.6.2 Japan Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Revenue
5.6.3 Key Manufacturers in Japan
5.6.4 Japan Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Import and Export
5.7 Southeast Asia Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Market Analysis
5.7.1 Southeast Asia Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production
5.7.2 Southeast Asia Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Revenue
5.7.3 Key Manufacturers in Southeast Asia
5.7.4 Southeast Asia Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Import and Export
5.8 India Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Market Analysis
5.8.1 India Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production
5.8.2 India Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Revenue
5.8.3 Key Manufacturers in India
5.8.4 India Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Import and Export

6 Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Segment Market Analysis (by Type)
6.1 Global Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production by Type
6.2 Global Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Revenue by Type
6.3 Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Price by Type

7 Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Segment Market Analysis (by Application)
7.1 Global Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Consumption by Application
7.2 Global Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Consumption Market Share by Application (2014-2019)

8 Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Major Manufacturers Analysis
8.1 KROEPLIN
8.1.1 KROEPLIN Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Sites and Area Served
8.1.2 KROEPLIN Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.1.3 KROEPLIN Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.1.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.2 Bowers Group
8.2.1 Bowers Group Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Sites and Area Served
8.2.2 Bowers Group Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.2.3 Bowers Group Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.2.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.3 MAHR
8.3.1 MAHR Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Sites and Area Served
8.3.2 MAHR Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.3.3 MAHR Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.3.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.4 Moore & Wright
8.4.1 Moore & Wright Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Sites and Area Served
8.4.2 Moore & Wright Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.4.3 Moore & Wright Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.4.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.5 Bocchi
8.5.1 Bocchi Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Sites and Area Served
8.5.2 Bocchi Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.5.3 Bocchi Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.5.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.6 Wenzhou Weidu Electronics
8.6.1 Wenzhou Weidu Electronics Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Sites and Area Served
8.6.2 Wenzhou Weidu Electronics Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.6.3 Wenzhou Weidu Electronics Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.6.4 Main Business and Markets Served

9 Development Trend of Analysis of Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Market
9.1 Global Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Market Trend Analysis
9.1.1 Global Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Market Size (Volume and Value) Forecast 2019-2025
9.2 Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Regional Market Trend
9.2.1 North America Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.2 Europe Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.3 China Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.4 Japan Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.5 Southeast Asia Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.6 India Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Forecast 2019-2025
9.3 Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Market Trend (Product Type)
9.4 Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Market Trend (Application)

10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.3 Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Customers

11 Market Dynamics
11.1 Market Trends
11.2 Opportunities
11.3 Market Drivers
11.4 Challenges
11.5 Influence Factors

12 Conclusion
13 Appendix
13.1 Methodology/Research Approach
13.1.1 Research Programs/Design
13.1.2 Market Size Estimation
13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.2 Data Source
13.2.1 Secondary Sources
13.2.2 Primary Sources
13.3 Author List
13.4 Disclaimer

List of Tables and Figures
Figure Picture of Dial Indicating Outside Calipers
Table Global Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production (K Units) Growth Rate Comparison by Types (2014-2025)
Figure Global Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Market Share by Types in 2018
Figure 0-20mm Product Picture
Figure 20-40mm Product Picture
Figure 40-60mm Product Picture
Figure 60-80mm Product Picture
Table Global Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Consumption (K Units) Comparison by Applications (2014-2025)
Figure Global Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Consumption Market Share by Applications in 2018
Figure Machenical
Figure Automotive
Figure Aerospace
Figure Manufacturing
Figure Others
Figure Global Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Revenue (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Global Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production (K Units) (2014-2025)
Figure North America Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Europe Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure China Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Japan Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Southeast Asia Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure India Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Table Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Raw Material and Suppliers
Table Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Dial Indicating Outside Calipers in 2018
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Dial Indicating Outside Calipers
Figure Industry Chain Structure of Dial Indicating Outside Calipers
Table Capacity and Commercial Production Date of Key Manufacturers
Table Global Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Manufacturing Plants Distribution
Table Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Major Manufacturers Technology Source and Market Position
Table Recent Development and Expansion Plans in Future
Table Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Capacity (K Units) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production (K Units) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Market Share of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Share by Manufacturers in 2018
Table Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Revenue (Million US$) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Revenue Market Share of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2018
Table Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Average Price (USD/Unit) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Global Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table Global Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production by Regions 2014-2019 (K Units)
Table Global Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Market Share by Regions in 2018
Table Global Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Revenue by Regions 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Global Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Revenue Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2018
Table Global Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Consumption by Regions 2014-2019 (K Units)
Table Global Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Consumption Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure North America Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure North America Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table North America Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure Europe Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Europe Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Europe Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure China Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure China Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table China Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure Japan Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Japan Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Japan Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Southeast Asia Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure India Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure India Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table India Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure Global Consumption Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Global Value (Consumption) Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Table KROEPLIN Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Sites and Area Served
Table KROEPLIN Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table KROEPLIN Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table KROEPLIN Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table KROEPLIN Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure KROEPLIN Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table KROEPLIN Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Main Business and Markets Served
Table Bowers Group Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Sites and Area Served
Table Bowers Group Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Bowers Group Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Bowers Group Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Bowers Group Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Bowers Group Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Bowers Group Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Main Business and Markets Served
Table MAHR Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Sites and Area Served
Table MAHR Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table MAHR Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table MAHR Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table MAHR Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure MAHR Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table MAHR Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Main Business and Markets Served
Table Moore & Wright Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Sites and Area Served
Table Moore & Wright Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Moore & Wright Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Moore & Wright Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Moore & Wright Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Moore & Wright Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Moore & Wright Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Main Business and Markets Served
Table Bocchi Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Sites and Area Served
Table Bocchi Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Bocchi Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Bocchi Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Bocchi Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Bocchi Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Bocchi Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Main Business and Markets Served
Table Wenzhou Weidu Electronics Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Sites and Area Served
Table Wenzhou Weidu Electronics Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Wenzhou Weidu Electronics Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Wenzhou Weidu Electronics Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Wenzhou Weidu Electronics Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Wenzhou Weidu Electronics Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Wenzhou Weidu Electronics Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Main Business and Markets Served
Figure Global Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025
Figure Global Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Revenue (Million USD) Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025
Figure Global Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Sales Price (USD/Unit) Forecast 2019-2025
Figure North America Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure North America Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Europe Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Europe Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure China Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure China Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Japan Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Japan Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Southeast Asia Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure India Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure India Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Table Global Production (K Units) of Dial Indicating Outside Calipers by Type (2019-2025)
Table Global Consumption (K Units) of Dial Indicating Outside Calipers by Application (2019-2025)
Table Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Distributors List
Table Dial Indicating Outside Calipers Customers List
Table Market Key Trends
Table Key Opportunities
Table Market Key Drivers
Table Key Challenges
Table Key Influence Factors
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources