 | • レポートコード：QYR9NV00122 • 出版社/出版日：QYResearch / 2019年11月12日 ※2024年版があります。お問い合わせください。 • レポート形態：英文、PDF、112ページ • 納品方法：Eメール（受注後2-3営業日） • 産業分類：機械・装置 |
| Single User | ￥518,000 (USD3,500) | ▷ お問い合わせ |
| Enterprise License | ￥1,036,000 (USD7,000) | ▷ お問い合わせ |
• お支払方法：銀行振込（納品後、ご請求書送付）
レポート概要
| ※本調査レポートは、アクションカムの世界市場概要、製造コスト分析、開発・製造工場分析、主要メーカー分析、地域別分析情報、市場規模予測データ、マーケティングチャネル、流通業者リスト、顧客リストなどが含まれています。種類別には、消費者用、プロ用に、用途別には、アウトドア用、証拠用、テレビ用、緊急サービス用、セキュリティ用にセグメント区分し、アクションカムの世界市場を分析しました。 ・エグゼクティブ・サマリー ・アクションカムの世界市場概要 ・アクションカムの製造コスト構成分析 ・アクションカムの開発・製造工場分析 ・主要メーカーの主な指標（生産能力、売上、価格分析） ・アクションカムの地域別分析（生産、売上、主要メーカー、輸出・輸入） （北米、ヨーロッパ、中国、日本国内、東南アジア、インド） ・アクションカムのセグメント分析（種類別） （消費者用、プロ用） ・アクションカムのセグメント分析（用途別） （アウトドア用、証拠用、テレビ用、緊急サービス用、セキュリティ用） ・アクションカムの主要メーカー別分析（生産拠点、製品概要、生産・売上実績） （Gopro、SONY、iON、Contour、Polaroid、Garmin、Drift Innovation、Panasonic、SJCAM、Amkov、Veho、Chilli Technology、Decathlon、Braun、Rollei、JVC Kenwood、Toshiba、HTC、Kodak、Casio、） ・アクションカムの市場規模予測（2019年～2025年） （北米、ヨーロッパ、中国、日本国内、東南アジア、インド） ・マーケティングチャネル・流通業者・顧客 ・市場ダイナミクス（市場動向、機会、成長要因、課題、影響因子） ... |
The global Action Cams market was valued at million US$ in 2018 and will reach million US$ by the end of 2025, growing at a CAGR of during 2019-2025.
This report focuses on Action Cams volume and value at global level, regional level and company level. From a global perspective, this report represents overall Action Cams market size by analyzing historical data and future prospect.
Regionally, this report categorizes the production, apparent consumption, export and import of Action Cams in North America, Europe, China, Japan, Southeast Asia and India.
For each manufacturer covered, this report analyzes their Action Cams manufacturing sites, capacity, production, ex-factory price, revenue and market share in global market.
The following manufacturers are covered:
Gopro
SONY
iON
Contour
Polaroid
Garmin
Drift Innovation
Panasonic
SJCAM
Amkov
Veho
Chilli Technology
Decathlon
Braun
Rollei
JVC Kenwood
Toshiba
HTC
Kodak
Casio
Segment by Regions
North America
Europe
China
Japan
Southeast Asia
India
Segment by Type
Consumer
Professional
Segment by Application
Outdoor Pursuits
Evidential Users
TV Shipments
Emergency Services
Security
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
1 Industry Overview of Action Cams
1.1 Definition of Action Cams
1.2 Action Cams Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global Action Cams Production Growth Rate Comparison by Types (2014-2025)
1.2.2 Consumer
1.2.3 Professional
1.3 Action Cams Segment by Applications
1.3.1 Global Action Cams Consumption Comparison by Applications (2014-2025)
1.3.2 Outdoor Pursuits
1.3.3 Evidential Users
1.3.4 TV Shipments
1.3.5 Emergency Services
1.3.6 Security
1.4 Global Action Cams Overall Market
1.4.1 Global Action Cams Revenue (2014-2025)
1.4.2 Global Action Cams Production (2014-2025)
1.4.3 North America Action Cams Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.4 Europe Action Cams Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.5 China Action Cams Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.6 Japan Action Cams Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.7 Southeast Asia Action Cams Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.8 India Action Cams Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
2.1 Raw Material and Suppliers
2.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Action Cams
2.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Action Cams
2.4 Industry Chain Structure of Action Cams
3 Development and Manufacturing Plants Analysis of Action Cams
3.1 Capacity and Commercial Production Date
3.2 Global Action Cams Manufacturing Plants Distribution
3.3 Major Manufacturers Technology Source and Market Position of Action Cams
3.4 Recent Development and Expansion Plans
4 Key Figures of Major Manufacturers
4.1 Action Cams Production and Capacity Analysis
4.2 Action Cams Revenue Analysis
4.3 Action Cams Price Analysis
4.4 Market Concentration Degree
5 Action Cams Regional Market Analysis
5.1 Action Cams Production by Regions
5.1.1 Global Action Cams Production by Regions
5.1.2 Global Action Cams Revenue by Regions
5.2 Action Cams Consumption by Regions
5.3 North America Action Cams Market Analysis
5.3.1 North America Action Cams Production
5.3.2 North America Action Cams Revenue
5.3.3 Key Manufacturers in North America
5.3.4 North America Action Cams Import and Export
5.4 Europe Action Cams Market Analysis
5.4.1 Europe Action Cams Production
5.4.2 Europe Action Cams Revenue
5.4.3 Key Manufacturers in Europe
5.4.4 Europe Action Cams Import and Export
5.5 China Action Cams Market Analysis
5.5.1 China Action Cams Production
5.5.2 China Action Cams Revenue
5.5.3 Key Manufacturers in China
5.5.4 China Action Cams Import and Export
5.6 Japan Action Cams Market Analysis
5.6.1 Japan Action Cams Production
5.6.2 Japan Action Cams Revenue
5.6.3 Key Manufacturers in Japan
5.6.4 Japan Action Cams Import and Export
5.7 Southeast Asia Action Cams Market Analysis
5.7.1 Southeast Asia Action Cams Production
5.7.2 Southeast Asia Action Cams Revenue
5.7.3 Key Manufacturers in Southeast Asia
5.7.4 Southeast Asia Action Cams Import and Export
5.8 India Action Cams Market Analysis
5.8.1 India Action Cams Production
5.8.2 India Action Cams Revenue
5.8.3 Key Manufacturers in India
5.8.4 India Action Cams Import and Export
6 Action Cams Segment Market Analysis (by Type)
6.1 Global Action Cams Production by Type
6.2 Global Action Cams Revenue by Type
6.3 Action Cams Price by Type
7 Action Cams Segment Market Analysis (by Application)
7.1 Global Action Cams Consumption by Application
7.2 Global Action Cams Consumption Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
8 Action Cams Major Manufacturers Analysis
8.1 Gopro
8.1.1 Gopro Action Cams Production Sites and Area Served
8.1.2 Gopro Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.1.3 Gopro Action Cams Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.1.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.2 SONY
8.2.1 SONY Action Cams Production Sites and Area Served
8.2.2 SONY Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.2.3 SONY Action Cams Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.2.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.3 iON
8.3.1 iON Action Cams Production Sites and Area Served
8.3.2 iON Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.3.3 iON Action Cams Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.3.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.4 Contour
8.4.1 Contour Action Cams Production Sites and Area Served
8.4.2 Contour Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.4.3 Contour Action Cams Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.4.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.5 Polaroid
8.5.1 Polaroid Action Cams Production Sites and Area Served
8.5.2 Polaroid Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.5.3 Polaroid Action Cams Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.5.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.6 Garmin
8.6.1 Garmin Action Cams Production Sites and Area Served
8.6.2 Garmin Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.6.3 Garmin Action Cams Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.6.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.7 Drift Innovation
8.7.1 Drift Innovation Action Cams Production Sites and Area Served
8.7.2 Drift Innovation Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.7.3 Drift Innovation Action Cams Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.7.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.8 Panasonic
8.8.1 Panasonic Action Cams Production Sites and Area Served
8.8.2 Panasonic Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.8.3 Panasonic Action Cams Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.8.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.9 SJCAM
8.9.1 SJCAM Action Cams Production Sites and Area Served
8.9.2 SJCAM Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.9.3 SJCAM Action Cams Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.9.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.10 Amkov
8.10.1 Amkov Action Cams Production Sites and Area Served
8.10.2 Amkov Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.10.3 Amkov Action Cams Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.10.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.11 Veho
8.12 Chilli Technology
8.13 Decathlon
8.14 Braun
8.15 Rollei
8.16 JVC Kenwood
8.17 Toshiba
8.18 HTC
8.19 Kodak
8.20 Casio
9 Development Trend of Analysis of Action Cams Market
9.1 Global Action Cams Market Trend Analysis
9.1.1 Global Action Cams Market Size (Volume and Value) Forecast 2019-2025
9.2 Action Cams Regional Market Trend
9.2.1 North America Action Cams Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.2 Europe Action Cams Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.3 China Action Cams Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.4 Japan Action Cams Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.5 Southeast Asia Action Cams Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.6 India Action Cams Forecast 2019-2025
9.3 Action Cams Market Trend (Product Type)
9.4 Action Cams Market Trend (Application)
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.3 Action Cams Customers
11 Market Dynamics
11.1 Market Trends
11.2 Opportunities
11.3 Market Drivers
11.4 Challenges
11.5 Influence Factors
12 Conclusion
13 Appendix
13.1 Methodology/Research Approach
13.1.1 Research Programs/Design
13.1.2 Market Size Estimation
13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.2 Data Source
13.2.1 Secondary Sources
13.2.2 Primary Sources
13.3 Author List
13.4 Disclaimer
Figure Picture of Action Cams
Table Global Action Cams Production (K Units) Growth Rate Comparison by Types (2014-2025)
Figure Global Action Cams Production Market Share by Types in 2018
Figure Consumer Product Picture
Figure Professional Product Picture
Table Global Action Cams Consumption (K Units) Comparison by Applications (2014-2025)
Figure Global Action Cams Consumption Market Share by Applications in 2018
Figure Outdoor Pursuits
Figure Evidential Users
Figure TV Shipments
Figure Emergency Services
Figure Security
Figure Global Action Cams Revenue (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Global Action Cams Production (K Units) (2014-2025)
Figure North America Action Cams Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Europe Action Cams Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure China Action Cams Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Japan Action Cams Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Southeast Asia Action Cams Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure India Action Cams Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Table Action Cams Raw Material and Suppliers
Table Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Action Cams in 2018
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Action Cams
Figure Industry Chain Structure of Action Cams
Table Capacity and Commercial Production Date of Key Manufacturers
Table Global Action Cams Manufacturing Plants Distribution
Table Action Cams Major Manufacturers Technology Source and Market Position
Table Recent Development and Expansion Plans in Future
Table Action Cams Capacity (K Units) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Action Cams Production (K Units) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Action Cams Production Market Share of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Action Cams Production Share by Manufacturers in 2018
Table Action Cams Revenue (Million US$) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Action Cams Revenue Market Share of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Action Cams Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2018
Table Action Cams Average Price (USD/Unit) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Global Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table Global Action Cams Production by Regions 2014-2019 (K Units)
Table Global Action Cams Production Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Action Cams Production Market Share by Regions in 2018
Table Global Action Cams Revenue by Regions 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Global Action Cams Revenue Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Action Cams Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2018
Table Global Action Cams Consumption by Regions 2014-2019 (K Units)
Table Global Action Cams Consumption Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure North America Action Cams Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure North America Action Cams Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table North America Action Cams Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure Europe Action Cams Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Europe Action Cams Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Europe Action Cams Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure China Action Cams Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure China Action Cams Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table China Action Cams Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure Japan Action Cams Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Japan Action Cams Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Japan Action Cams Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Action Cams Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Action Cams Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Southeast Asia Action Cams Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure India Action Cams Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure India Action Cams Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table India Action Cams Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure Global Consumption Action Cams Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Global Value (Consumption) Action Cams Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Table Gopro Action Cams Production Sites and Area Served
Table Gopro Action Cams Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Gopro Action Cams Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Gopro Action Cams Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Gopro Action Cams Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Gopro Action Cams Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Gopro Action Cams Main Business and Markets Served
Table SONY Action Cams Production Sites and Area Served
Table SONY Action Cams Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table SONY Action Cams Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table SONY Action Cams Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table SONY Action Cams Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure SONY Action Cams Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table SONY Action Cams Main Business and Markets Served
Table iON Action Cams Production Sites and Area Served
Table iON Action Cams Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table iON Action Cams Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table iON Action Cams Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table iON Action Cams Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure iON Action Cams Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table iON Action Cams Main Business and Markets Served
Table Contour Action Cams Production Sites and Area Served
Table Contour Action Cams Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Contour Action Cams Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Contour Action Cams Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Contour Action Cams Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Contour Action Cams Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Contour Action Cams Main Business and Markets Served
Table Polaroid Action Cams Production Sites and Area Served
Table Polaroid Action Cams Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Polaroid Action Cams Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Polaroid Action Cams Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Polaroid Action Cams Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Polaroid Action Cams Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Polaroid Action Cams Main Business and Markets Served
Table Garmin Action Cams Production Sites and Area Served
Table Garmin Action Cams Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Garmin Action Cams Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Garmin Action Cams Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Garmin Action Cams Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Garmin Action Cams Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Garmin Action Cams Main Business and Markets Served
Table Drift Innovation Action Cams Production Sites and Area Served
Table Drift Innovation Action Cams Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Drift Innovation Action Cams Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Drift Innovation Action Cams Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Drift Innovation Action Cams Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Drift Innovation Action Cams Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Drift Innovation Action Cams Main Business and Markets Served
Table Panasonic Action Cams Production Sites and Area Served
Table Panasonic Action Cams Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Panasonic Action Cams Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Panasonic Action Cams Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Panasonic Action Cams Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Panasonic Action Cams Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Panasonic Action Cams Main Business and Markets Served
Table SJCAM Action Cams Production Sites and Area Served
Table SJCAM Action Cams Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table SJCAM Action Cams Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table SJCAM Action Cams Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table SJCAM Action Cams Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure SJCAM Action Cams Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table SJCAM Action Cams Main Business and Markets Served
Table Amkov Action Cams Production Sites and Area Served
Table Amkov Action Cams Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Amkov Action Cams Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Amkov Action Cams Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Amkov Action Cams Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Amkov Action Cams Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Amkov Action Cams Main Business and Markets Served
Table Veho Action Cams Production Sites and Area Served
Table Chilli Technology Action Cams Production Sites and Area Served
Table Decathlon Action Cams Production Sites and Area Served
Table Braun Action Cams Production Sites and Area Served
Table Rollei Action Cams Production Sites and Area Served
Table JVC Kenwood Action Cams Production Sites and Area Served
Table Toshiba Action Cams Production Sites and Area Served
Table HTC Action Cams Production Sites and Area Served
Table Kodak Action Cams Production Sites and Area Served
Table Casio Action Cams Production Sites and Area Served
Figure Global Action Cams Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025
Figure Global Action Cams Revenue (Million USD) Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025
Figure Global Action Cams Sales Price (USD/Unit) Forecast 2019-2025
Figure North America Action Cams Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure North America Action Cams Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Europe Action Cams Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Europe Action Cams Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure China Action Cams Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure China Action Cams Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Japan Action Cams Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Japan Action Cams Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Southeast Asia Action Cams Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Action Cams Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure India Action Cams Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure India Action Cams Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Table Global Production (K Units) of Action Cams by Type (2019-2025)
Table Global Consumption (K Units) of Action Cams by Application (2019-2025)
Table Action Cams Distributors List
Table Action Cams Customers List
Table Market Key Trends
Table Key Opportunities
Table Market Key Drivers
Table Key Challenges
Table Key Influence Factors
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources
世界のスナップアクションスイッチ産業調査2019-2025 Snap Action Switches (also called microswitches) are switch devices that can open and/or close an electrical circuit at a rapid speed. They take very little pressure or force to operate. Usually these switches are triggered by an external force, either human or by physical object.The Snap Action Swi…- 自動車用バルブトレインシステムのグローバル市場調査 2019年 The global Automotive Valvetrain System market was valued at million US$ in 2018 and will reach million US$ by the end of 2025, growing at a CAGR of during 2019-2025. This report focuses on Automotive Valvetrain System volume and value at global level, regional level and company level. From a global…
- 世界の高解像度（HD）カメラ産業調査2019-2025 HD cameras are those capable of taking images with a vertical resolution of 720 or more or video.In 2018, the global High Definition (HD) Camera market size was xx million US$ and is forecast to xx million US in 2025, growing at a CAGR of xx% from 2019. In this study, 2018 has been considered as the…
- オークションソフトウェアのグローバル市場：規模・現状・予測2019-2025 In 2018, the global Auction Software market size was xx million US$ and it is expected to reach xx million US$ by the end of 2025, with a CAGR of xx% during 2019-2025. This report focuses on the global Auction Software status, future forecast, growth opportunity, key market and key players. The stud…
- 自動車用ローラータペットのグローバル市場調査 2019年 The global Automotive Roller Tappets market was valued at million US$ in 2018 and will reach million US$ by the end of 2025, growing at a CAGR of during 2019-2025. This report focuses on Automotive Roller Tappets volume and value at global level, regional level and company level. From a global persp…